Plelyrood Park was held by the Abbeys of Holyrood and Kebo. St. Anthony's Chapel stands in the part which probably belonged to Kelso Abbey. The origin and history of the chapel are obscure, but it was certairily built no later than the early 15th century, as in 1426 it is recorded that the Pope gave money for its repair. The chapel may have been linked to the Preceptory of St. Anthony, a skin hospice, which was based in Leith around this time. The last chaplain is recorded in 1581.