Harlaw Monument Inverurie - Lord of the Isles

According to the Scotichronicon, the two armies joined battle on the eve of the feast of St James[28] ? 24 July 1411.[19][29] The same source puts Donald's army at 10,000 islanders and men of Ross,[28] although it was probably far less.[24] They were armed with swords, bows and axes, short knives and round targe shields.[27]
Tombstone of Gilbert de Greenlaw in Kinkell Church

Tradition has it that they faced a force numbering between 1000 and 2000 men,[30] although it was probably several thousand,[24] with significant numbers of knights.[24] Sir Gilbert de Greenlaw died at Harlaw and his tombstone at Kinkell Church[31] gives an idea of how Mar's knights were equipped. Sir Gilbert carries a hand and a half sword and wears an open-faced bascinet helmet with a mail-reinforced arming doublet beneath plate armour.[32] Mar's men also carried spears, maces and battle axes.[27] Tradition has it that the black armour in the entrance hall of Aberdeen's Town House belonged to Robert Davidson, Provost of Aberdeen,[33] who fell in the battle alongside most of the burgesses with him.[27]

On spotting the islanders, Mar organised his force into battle array, with the main army behind a small advance guard of men-at-arms under Sir James Scrymgeour (Constable of Dundee, the hereditary standard-bearer of Scotland) and Sir Alexander Ogilvie of Auchterhouse (Sheriff of Angus).[27] He probably split the army into three, with the knights as a cavalry reserve and the infantry arranged in schiltrons, close-packed arrays of spearmen.[24] There is no mention of significant numbers of archers.[24] The islanders were arranged in the traditional cuneiform or wedge shape, with Hector Roy MacLean commanding the right wing and the chief of Clan Mackintosh on the left.[27] At first the clansmen launched themselves at Scrymgeour's men, but failed to make much impression on the armoured column and many were slain.[27] However, every wave of islanders that was repulsed, was replaced by fresh men.[27] Meanwhile Mar led his knights into the main body of Donald's army with similar results.[27] The islanders brought down the knights' horses and then used their dirks to finish off the riders.[27]

By nightfall, the ballads claim that 600[24] of Mar's men were dead, including Ogilvie and his son, Scrymgeour, Sir Robert Maule, Sir Thomas Moray, William Abernethy, Alexander Straiton of Lauriston, James Lovel, Alexander Stirling and Sir Alexander Irvine of Drum; according to Maclean history the latter duelled with Hector Maclean until both were dead.[27] Many families lost not just their chief but every male in their house; Lesley of Balquhain died with six of his sons.[34] Donald lost 900 men,[24] a much smaller proportion of his total force, but including his two seconds-in-command.[29][35]

Too feeble to retreat, Mar and his surviving men camped on the battlefield,[36] expecting combat to resume in the morning.[17] Come dawn they found that Donald had withdrawn during the night, retreating first to Ross and then back to the Isles.[17] The casualties on both sides meant that neither side felt it had won the day,[17] but Mar had kept Donald from Aberdeen and for the islanders, the absence of conclusive victory was as bad as defeat.[19]